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Legal researchSingapore · Case lawWhat test do Singapore courts apply to decide whether a duty of care exists in negligence?
Singapore courts apply the two-stage Spandeck test, after a threshold requirement of factual foreseeability1
- Legal proximity between the parties, assessed through physical, circumstantial and causal proximity1
- Policy considerations that may negate a duty found at the first stage12
Sources
- 1Spandeck Engineering (S) Pte Ltd v Defence Science & Technology Agency[2007] SGCA 37 · Court of Appeal
- 2Ngiam Kong Seng v Lim Chiew Hock[2008] SGCA 23 · Court of Appeal
Reasoning trace
- Negligence
- Duty of care
- Spandeck test
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